Mathematical Assessment of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Commonly Consumed Seafood: Health Risk Implications in Idema-Abureni Clan, Ogbia, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Wellington, E. Ogbomade *
Department of Basic and Applied Science, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Nigeria.
Innocent. C Eli
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Federal University, Otuoke, Nigeria.
Osuagwu, U.O
Department of Basic and Applied Science, University of Africa, Toru-Oru, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This carried out the mathematical evaluation of health risk of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in selected seafood in Idema-Abureni Clan, Bayelsa State. Seafood were collected from Idema River. Heavy metals, PAHs, estimated daily intake (EDI), life cancer risk (LCR), total life cancer risk (TLCR), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index of hazardous (HI) heavy metals were investigated based on standard methods of estimation. The Pb, Cd, and Ni in Grapsidae seafood were 6.16±0.08mg/kg, 2.94±0.07mg/kg, and 10.15±0.11mg/kg respectively, which were higher than the reference values for seafood as recommended and similar pattern were perceived in P. busungwe, C. armatum, Bagrus bajad, and A. silverside. The estimated daily intake of Pb, Cd, and Cr in P. busungwe were 0.026mg/kg, 0.05mg/kg, and 0.006mg/kg respectively, were higher than the reference values for seafood as recommended. The THQ and HI of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni in Grapsidae were 0.006mg/kg, 0.001mg/kg, 0.006mg/kg, and 0.002mg/kg respectively, were higher than the reference values for seafood as recommended and similar fashion were noticed in Potamonautes busungwe, Cardisoma armatum, Oxudercinae, H. bivittatus, Mystus tengara, Bagrus bajad, Atlantic silverside, Portunus armatus, and C. roseus seafood. LCR and TLCR of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni studied in Grapsidae were 1.007 mg/kg, 3.080 mg/kg, 0.005mg/kg, 0.056 mg/kg respectively, were significantly higher the reference values for seafood as recommended and similar occurrences were observed in Oxudercinae, Bagrus bajad, Portunus armatus, and Catharanthus roseus. Consumption of the studied seafood in Idema River could lead to cumulative toxic effects.
Keywords: Seafood, PAHs, heavy metals, EDI, LCR, TLCR, THQ, HI