Impact of Dietary Intervention on Selected Biochemical Indices of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Nigerians with Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Sheu Kadiri Rahamon
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Mabel Ayebatonyo Charles-Davies
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Kehinde Sola Akinlade
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
John Ayodele Olaniyi
Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Adesoji Adedipe Fasanmade
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Oyediran Emmanuel Oyewole
Department of Health Promotion and Education, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Mayowa Ojo Owolabi
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Jane Roli Adebusuyi
Medical Social Services Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olufunke Olayemi Hassan
Medical Social Services Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Babatunde Muhammed Ajobo
Dietetics Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Maria Onomhaguan Ebesunun
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria.
Kehinde Adigun
General out Patient Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Unyime Aniekpon Fabian
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Omolara Olutosin Popoola
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Wemimo Okunbolade
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olatunbosun Ganiyu Arinola *
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Emmanuel Oluyemi Agbedana
Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: This study assessed the impact of dietary modification on cardiometabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress indices in Nigerians with metabolic syndrome (MS).
Subjects and Methods: Sixty participants with MS were selected using the International Diabetes Federation criteria from a cohort participating in “Risk Assessment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Dementia in Nigerians with Metabolic Syndrome” study. The subjects were seen by a Dietitian and the approximate percentages of total calories from total protein, total fat, polyunsaturated fat, and carbohydrate were calculated from dietary history and pegged at 20%, 30%, 14% and 50% respectively. To ensure compliance, each participant was seen monthly (for 6 months) by the Dietitian. Glucose and lipid profile were determined using enzymatic methods. Serum activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total protein and albumin were determined using spectrophotometric methods while high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and tumuor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined using ELISA. Student’s t-test (paired) and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis as appropriate. P-value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body fat, NO, hsCRP, H2O2, total protein and globulin were significantly reduced while the mean HDL, MDA, albumin and activities of CAT and MPO were significantly increased post-dietary modification compared with baseline.
Conclusion: Short-term dietary intervention improved cardiovascular risk, inflammation and oxidative stress indices in Nigerians with MS.
Keywords: Cardiometabolic risk factors, dietary modification, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress.