European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety

Food loss and waste (FLW) have emerged as a significant challenge to food security, environmental sustainability, and efficient retail operations in rural market centers. This study aimed to identify the key factors contributing to FLW in retail shops, assess its environmental consequences, and evaluate its operational impacts on retail businesses. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys, focus group discussions, and a literature review to triangulate findings and strengthen the results. The study was conducted in the Faridpur district of Bangladesh, focusing on FLW dynamics at the retail level, particularly in vegetable and fruit markets. The findings indicate that food loss and waste (FLW) in retail shops is mainly driven by improper handling, limited knowledge, and low awareness among retailers. About 84.40% of vegetable retailers and 78.57% of fruit retailers reported losses due to poor handling and management. Climatic factors, such as high temperature, rainfall, humidity, and hot weather, were cited by 48.62% of vegetable and 37.61% of fruit retailers as key causes of deterioration. Environmental pollution was also significant, with 67.89% of vegetable and 32.14% of fruit retailers reporting foul odors from decomposed waste. Over 85% noted worsening market sanitation and environmental degradation. The study also identified inadequate storage facilities, poor transportation systems, pest infestation, and seasonal variations as major structural causes of FLW. Retailers generally demonstrated limited awareness regarding food waste management. The study concludes that strengthening supply chain management, improving storage and transportation infrastructure, and enhancing retailer awareness and training are essential to reduce FLW and support food and nutrition security in Bangladesh.