Proposal for Educational Intervention in People Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and in their Family Caregiver
Aldo Pelcastre Neri
Doctorante en Ciencias de la Enfermería en Universidad de Guanajuato, México.
Josefina Reynoso Vázquez
Departamento de Farmacia y Maestría en Salud Pública en [UAEH] Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto Hidalgo, México.
López Pontigo Lydia
Departamento de Gerontología y Posgrado en [UAEH] Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto Hidalgo, México.
Inés Tenahua Quitl
Departamento de Enfermería en (BUAP). Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México.
Olga Rocío Flores Chávez
Departamento de Enfermería en [UAEH] Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto Hidalgo, México.
María Del Carmen López Zermeño
Departamento Salud Pública; Instituto Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública del [CUCS] Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Guadalajara, México.
Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba Ledezma *
Departamento de Medicina y Maestría en Salud Pública en [UAEH] Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca de Soto Hidalgo, México.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Objective: Design a proposal of educational intervention for both, people who live with Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and their family caregiver.
Methodology: Methodology. A case series study was conducted with the participation of 12 people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus and attending a Mutual Help Group in Pachuquilla, Hidalgo. Sociodemographic data, somatometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, waist circumference), blood pressure, and capillary blood samples for glycosylated hemoglobin were collected.
Results: The mean age was 64 and range of 39-79 years, O.D. of 12; 67% women; 25% finished secondary school, 50% worked at home, 17% in commerce, 33% unemployed; 58% married, 25% widowed, and 17% divorced and in common law; 33.% with less than 5 years diagnosed, 67% have been diagnosed for more than 5 years; 75% depend economically; 67% have complications, 75% with family support, in diabetes knowledge 33% obtained intermediate score and 67% inadequate score; the weight average was of 77 kg and range of 57-116.5 kg, and O.D. 17 kg; in waist circumference, 100% exceed the recommended limit, in BMI, 50% is classified as overweight and 50% as obese; in blood pressure 50% > 130/80 mmHg and in glycosylated hemoglobin 75% > 7% mg/dl.
Conclusion: The currently implemented strategy does not reflect good knowledge and control of the disease. This study invites us to continue with research where an educational intervention is implemented in which family caregivers are included and active participation is encouraged, in addition to implementing the IEP as a theoretical basis for the intervention.
Keywords: Educational intervention, type 2 diabetes mellitus, family caregiver, support, glycemic control